The military uses a term called force-multipliers. These are technical elements which, in effect, multiply the capabilities of the troops using them in battle. These items include remote piloted vehicles, night vision goggles and GPS receivers. There are many more. In Square dancing there are choreography multipliers. These include call modifiers, such as Interrupt and Replace, Concepts, such as Concentric and Stretch, and varying formations, such as Blocks and Interlocked Diamonds.

The call modifiers include:

Start	Interrupt	Prefer
Finish	Replace	Left
Reverse	Ignore	Twice

The Concepts include:

C1	C2	C3
{anything} To A Wave	{anything}	Big Block
Concentric	{n} by {m}	Finally
Magic Column	Crazy	Initially
Phantom	Cross Concentric	Jay
Siamese	Disconnected	Own
Split	Funny	Stable
Stretch	{anything} Like A Ripple
T-Bone	Solid
Tandem	Stagger
	Stretched Box/Line
	Triangle Working As A Box
	Unwrap

Additionally, the calls may be done from a variety of formations. These include:

Pre Challenge	C1	C2	C3A
Lines	Block	3 by 1 Triangle	Once Removed Diamond
Columns	Butterfly	Interlocked Triangle	Triple Diamonds
Diamond	Galaxy	Once Removed	Split Phantom Lines/Columns
Hourglass	Interlocked Diamond	Parallelogram
	"O"	Triple Lines/Columns
	Triangle
	Triple Box

This makes a total of 19 formations. There are variations within the formations, too.

Lines may be facing, back-to-back, two-faced, 3 and 1, inverted and waves which may in turn be left- or right-handed.

Columns may be left- or right-handed, beginning double pass thru, completed double pass thru, beginning 8 Chain Thru, completed 8 Chain Thru, 3 and 1 columns.

Diamonds and hourglasses may be facing, Funny, left- and right-handed.

The list goes on.

Many calls can be done from various starting formations. For example, Chain Reaction my be done from 8 formations, Tally Ho from about 20 and the C3 Ceder Chest lists 30 uses of the Central Concept from the C3B list. Simple Circulates may be done from a wide variety of formations.

There are about 120 calls with well-defined parts through C3A listed in the C3 Ceder Chest.

The point of all this is that the C3A dancer is responsible for about 425 calls. These calls may be done from many of these formations using one or more of the call modifiers. Concepts and formations may be applied at any time. There are literally thousands of choreographic combinations for which the C3A dancer is responsible.

It also is not helpful for the callers to call off the lists or to misuse Concepts like calling a Stable Relay the Deucey or to use Concepts that they do not fully understand.

It was stated earlier that a great many Challenge dancers do not know the call definitions well, are not aware of the parts of calls, do not understand distorted formations, do not know where they are in many formations and have no idea of what is expected of them as Challenge dancers.

This is a nightmare recipe for disaster on the dance floor.